Introduction: “The Verger” is a story about Albert Edward Foreman, a simple man. He was a verger at St. Peter’s Neville Square Church, where he performed his duties with joy and dedication. The verger is fired by the new vicar because he is illiterate. He tries to buy a cigarette while wandering around the streets of London in a depressed state. He has an idea because there is no tobacco shop nearby. He opens a tobacco shop with the meager funds he has in his savings. He works hard to grow his business, which leads to success. He opens ten new tobacco shops in London City within ten years. He has saved £30,000 in a bank savings account.
Introduction: The essay “The Testament of a Walker” by R. K. Narayan is less about walking and more about his lack of “automobile sensibility” and the anguish of owning a car. The narrator of the story is oblivious to a car’s more nuanced values. He sees a car as nothing more than a tool. Everything else in the automobile is invisible to him. He came to get a sparkling, high-end imported car despite this problem. Every auto-pandit or expert would have been thrilled to have the conveniences that the car offered.
Introduction: The short story “Kaktarna” in Bengali is translated to English as “The Scarecrow.” Calcutta-born author Mriganko Shekhar Mukhopadhyay was on his way to the city when his car ran out of fuel, trapping him outside a rice field. The driver, Sudheer, had been told of this by Mriganko Babu. He didn’t pay attention to his remarks, though. Then, while he was still in his car, Mriganko Babu gave his driver the order to get petrol from Panagarh. He waited for a short while, then got out, stretched, lit a cigarette, and looked at the northern side.
Introduction: The story The Gift of the Magi is an excellent example of literary irony. Jim and Della in this story give up their most prized possessions so that the other person can truly enjoy his or her gift. Jim sells his watch to buy Della’s combs, knowing she’ll use them. Della sells her hair to pay for a chain for Jim’s watch. Neither of them anticipates the other making that sacrifice.
The Gift of the Magi
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Introduction: To begin, the essay “On Not Being a Philosopher” takes a lighthearted tone when the author overhears another person asking if the latter has studied Epictetus. His interest in Epictetus piques, and he wonders if Epictetus’ words are the book of wisdom he’s been looking for intermittently since his school days. He never lost his belief that wisdom might be found in the pages of books. He’s prepared to shell out a small amount to learn something new. Additionally, he studied the works of Emerson and Marcus Aurelius.
On Not Being a Philosopher
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Introduction: It is Toru, Aru, and Abju’s mother, who is narrating the story of Sita’s exile to her three children in the poem. The Ashram of Valmiki, where Sita was exiled, is seen through the minds of the three children in the gloomy room. When they look around them, they notice enormous flowers growing on creepers that embrace the big trees. When they look out into the countryside, they see the peacock strutting around, the wild deer chasing after each other, and the little fields that shine with yellow waving grain. They also see Sita, who has been exiled to Valmiki Ashram, sobbing.
Sita
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Introduction: Tennyson uses personification to describe the rocky stream’s winding course in “The Brook.” The stream imagines that it is a human being and, as it flows, it experiences the world around it. The waterfowl like coots and herons that can be seen in the stream’s namesake wetland indicate that it has its origins in a wetland. In a flash, it comes roaring down from the distant hills and crashes into the raging river in the valley below.
The Brook
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Introduction: In the poem “Ozymandias of Egypt,” the narrator meets a traveler from an unknown ancient land. King Ozymandias of Egypt was supposedly responsible for the broken statue that now lay in the vast desert. He came across two massive stones in the desert. The broken statue’s face and head were buried in the sand. The statue’s massive legs help to sustain its towering height. The statue’s partially obscured face revealed Ozymandias’s pride and rage. It was clear from Fear’s frown and sneering mask that Ozymandias exerted a great deal of control over his subjects.
Ozymandias of Egypt
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Introduction: The pain of having one’s love not returned is conveyed in this poetry. A lonely knight lay seemingly dead in the midst of nowhere when the speaker came across him one day. The sedge has withered, and the exhausted knight looks out of place in this parched landscape. The woman he meets in the poem’s wildness captivates him with her beauty. He crafts her a hair garland and bracelets that complement her natural fragrance. She sends him signs of her liking whenever he pays her a romantic compliment. The new love interests the knight so much that he rides all day to find her. Her affection for him runs deep, from her sweet hometown to her excellent cooking. After much back-and-forth, she finally agreed to take him to a mystical grotto deep beneath the earth.
La Belle Dame Sans Merci
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Introduction: Sarojini Naidu’s “Village Song” is a poem that depicts daily life in rural India. Taking place in a rural setting, the poem portrays the routine of Indian village women making a long journey in order to bring a pitcher of water home. The girl in the poem has a dangerous voyage ahead of her as she carries heavy Yamuna water pitchers under the cover of darkness. She’s getting the jitters from all the nighttime. Unfortunately, she was captivated by the boatman’s music and lost track of time.